Big data in health and open science: a contribution to the management of knowledge in COVID-19

Introduction: The 21st century is marked by the exponential era of data available daily on the web. This era of knowledge is characterized by the pressing need for new technologies to manage the brutal amount of data. In health, it is no different: scientific and technological information needs to be identified, extracted, treated and made available the essential information for decision making. The objective is to contribute to knowledge management in times of Big Data in health with COVID-19. Outline: The work was carried out using a retrospective analysis of the big health data opened for COVID-19. Results: They demonstrate the great worldwide effort in science and technology for the topic in question. The Medline database features over 36,000 articles available. In the European Patent Office base there are 2,871 family of patents, with 3 patents being made available and the pharmaceutical company Pfizer leading the technological research. Implications : It is concluded that the translation of knowledge has been occurring in an urgent way, since, although there is no vaccine or medicine for the cure so far, never in history has there been so much available volume of science and technology in such a small space of time. time, generating scientific and technological production for the advancement of science.


INTRODUCTION
The 21st century presents itself as an era with 40% of the population connected to the Internet. 1 In this sense, O'Reilly suggested the term Big Data as a gigantic database updated in real time, which easily reaches thousands of terabytes of storage in different formats. 2 Traditional relational database management systems cannot handle these large masses of data. [3][4] Big Data drives a new generation of methodologies developed to extract economic and strategic value from a large and varied volume of data (structured and unstructured), allowing high speed capture and analysis. [5][6] Big Data refers to the third generation of the information age. [7][8] Initially, this exponential volume of data met the criteria of 3 Vs: Volume, Variety and Speed; 9 later, 2 Vs were added: the attributes of Veracity and Value. Some authors even attribute the last 3 Vs, such as Veracity, Versatility and Viability, where the combination of all "Vs" generates the "V" of Value. 10 Big Data is divided into a perfect data storm, a perfect convergence storm and a perfect computing storm, the latter resulting from 4 phenomena: Moore's law, mobile computing, social networks and cloud computing. This data collection must be treated to present information searched in a selective and objective way to increase business intelligence, besides allowing an improvement in the decision making process. 11 As we reflect on health, it is considered as a global public good: that it is not exclusive, that is, that no one or any community is excluded from its possession or consumption; and that its benefits are available to everyone. There is also the apparent consensus that health is not competitive, and that there is no rivalry, that is, the health of a person cannot be at the expense of excluding other people. [12][13][14][15] In the health spectrum, it carries challenges and opportunities in the globalization process, which is the catalyst for the evolution of the term "Global Health".
Global health can be understood at the same time as a condition, an activity, a profession, a philosophy, a discipline or a movement. However, it must be considered that there is no consensus on what Global Health is, nor a single definition, and its field of action has imprecise limits, 16 however it is indisputable that we are living Health in times of globalization. 17 Thus, it is necessary to seek to identify, extract and treat the Big Data of Health in this globalized world, in order to focus on the essential information for the decision makers of the present century.
Nevertheless, the management of this knowledge is not considered trivial, since the Open Science approach is imminent. Open science is a model of scientific practice that, in line with the development of digital culture, aims to make information available in a network opposite to closed laboratory research.
The term also refers to the generation of research materials shared openly, without the need for patents.
In this context, the European Community has shown maturity in this area with the promotion of Open Science, 18  where it can be seen that in just about 06 (six) months, the sharing of networked data and scientific and technological information grew exponentially, as will be discussed in the next item.
With technological advances in all areas of science, it is necessary to deal with the large volume of data, and even more, data related to health. It should be noted that 43% of all daily bytes on the Web are related to Health and 47% of these are public health. 22 In this way, the exhaustive volume of data requires organization and structuring for the possible support to the decision maker, which has led organizations to create search tools on specific websites on the Web, in order to extract and process the data to obtain essential information. 23 More and more, information science is becoming more present and useful for any other area of science due to the growing amount of data of any kind. However, as an example, immunotherapy treatments have received great contributions from artificial intelligence. 24 Free or paid access search tools are increasingly common and have an infinity in this competitive and / or collaborative intelligence, such as textmining, datamining software, etc. The practical result of the extracted and processed data generates essential information and is configured as useful, reasonable and strategic to streamline the decision process. 25 Collaborative intelligence contributes strongly to the change of knowledge and power from the individual to the collective. 26 The open source of collective

COVID-19 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
Large corporations also use the concept of open innovation as a way to provide innovation in their processes and / or products with contributions from any researcher, company etc. [34][35] and in health, it also translates into an opportunity. 36

SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE IN COVID-19
The

TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IN COVID-19
Technological knowledge can be measured by the indicator of patents deposited in an industrial and / or intellectual property office in some country.
Patents are a strong indicator of innovation in science and technology. 42

RESUMEN
Introducción: El siglo XXI está marcado por la era exponencial de los datos disponibles a diario en la web. Esta era del conocimiento se caracteriza por la urgente necesidad de nuevas tecnologías para gestionar la brutal cantidad de datos. En el área de la salud no es diferente: es necesario identificar, extraer, tratar la información científica y tecnológica y disponer de la información esencial para la toma de decisiones. El objetivo es contribuir a la gestión del conocimiento en tiempos de Big Data en salud con COVID-19. Delineación: El trabajo se llevó a cabo utilizando un análisis retrospectivo de los grandes datos de salud abiertos para COVID-19. Resultados: Demostrar el gran esfuerzo mundial en el área de ciencia y tecnología para el tema en cuestión. La base de datos de Medline cuenta con más de 36.000 artículos disponibles. En la base de la Oficina Europea de Patentes hay 2.871 familias de patentes, de las cuales 03 patentes están disponibles, y la compañía farmacéutica Pfizer lidera la investigación tecnológica. Implicaciones: Se concluye que la traducción del conocimiento se viene dando de forma urgente, ya que, aunque hasta el momento no existe una vacuna o medicamento para la cura, nunca en la historia se ha contado con tanto volumen de ciencia y tecnología disponible en tan poco tiempo, generando producción científica y tecnológica para el avance de la ciencia.